英語高級教師周磊
周磊，桃源一中英語高級教師。本科學(xué)歷，1989年參加工作，從教22年，多次業(yè)務(wù)進修與培訓(xùn)，其中包括繼續(xù)教育學(xué)習(xí)五次，并于2008年由市教育局選派美國加州進行教材教法培訓(xùn)。已送十屆20個畢業(yè)班，因高考成績突出，先后6次授縣政府嘉獎，兩次立功。其間2008年所帶班級高考升學(xué)率位居全縣之首，記三等功。2010年學(xué)考教學(xué)成績?nèi)h第一，被評為縣教學(xué)先進個人。擔(dān)任班主任十年，期間年年被評為優(yōu)秀班主任。先后三屆擔(dān)任高三備課組長，組編了一整套教材系列課件與學(xué)案，組織編寫了校本英語閱讀教材及高考復(fù)習(xí)資料。在高考備考上起到了一定的引領(lǐng)作用曾四次在縣市高考研討會上做過典型發(fā)言，多次對外上接待課，示范課，并于2008年上了全縣高三復(fù)習(xí)示范課。2011年先后兩次受聘參與市協(xié)作考試與聯(lián)考命題；近五年多次獲學(xué)生作品、技能優(yōu)秀輔導(dǎo)獎；所寫論文有一篇獲省級一等獎，三篇獲市級一等獎，自編教學(xué)設(shè)計獲省級獎，原創(chuàng)復(fù)習(xí)課件獲國家級課題階段評選一等獎。三次參與課題研究，其中《課外閱讀對提高學(xué)生語用能力的實驗研究》《體驗學(xué)習(xí)語感形成母語教學(xué)實驗》已結(jié)題；《高中生自主閱讀能力培養(yǎng)途徑研究》已于2011年九月中期驗收。
完型填空（二）復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
(一）高考改革背景與命題特點
2010年的高考湖南省實施新課改后變化如下：完形填空部分分成兩個部分，第一部分為傳統(tǒng)的完形選擇填空，約300字設(shè)12空；第二部分為自由完形填詞題，文章長約180字，設(shè)8空。選材可能為記敘文、說明文或議論文；強調(diào)對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，不給提示詞，無選項填空，但信息點都來自篇章；語法填空上偏重對虛詞的考查，如代詞（1）、介詞（2）、冠詞（1）、連詞（3）、形容詞（1）等；答案不一定唯一。
(二)與完形一的區(qū)別
完型填空第一節(jié)側(cè)重考查詞匯在語篇、語境中的運用，關(guān)鍵詞是“語義”；而第二節(jié)考查功能語法，即側(cè)重于考查詞匯在篇章中的交際功能，關(guān)鍵詞是“銜接、連貫”。完型（2）測試的目的在于考查考生對于文章大意的把握能力、句子還原能力、邏輯思維能力以及英語語言知識的把握能力，側(cè)重考查考生的語感以及語言的銜接、連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)等語言知識運用能力。目的就是要革除傳統(tǒng)英語考試的弊端,增加主觀性,減少客觀性,消除投機心理,加大對考生思維判斷能力和語言運用能力的考查力度,實現(xiàn)英語語言教學(xué)從被動記憶型向主動應(yīng)用型的躍升.
(三) 2011高考試題分析：
Does going to college really pay off? Certainly!
I remember taking 48 an English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read 49 two short stories and then discuss which one was better. After reading both, I wasn’t sure. Over the 50 next several months, my professor taught me 51why one story was so much better than the other. 52 One was rich in metaphor（隱喻）and character development, while the other was humorous 53 but too shallow. I couldn’t see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and 54 I could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.
Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads 55 to greater success in one’s life.
解讀：根據(jù)上下文指代（代詞）：54
? 短語搭配：55
? 上下文聯(lián)系：49（數(shù)詞）50， 51，53
? 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：52
? 語法：48(冠詞)
(四) 2010高考試題分析
? Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home 48.when/after their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49. an after-school note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator， 50. or another place where their children are sure to find it.
? A note is often a 51. better way to "talk" with a child than using the telephone. For one thing, parents have time to think about 52. what they want to say before they write. 53. For another, the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again People often forget all the details that 54. they hear in a telephone call. Finally, cell phones can be turned 55.off or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons, after-school notes are very popular with parents.
解讀：根據(jù)上下文指代（代詞）：54
? 短語搭配：53, 55
? 上下文聯(lián)系：48 ，50，52
? 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：51
語法：49（冠詞）
? 考點分布：
年份 體裁 冠詞 數(shù)詞 代詞 介詞 連詞 其它
2010 說明文 1 0 1 2 3 1
2011 議論文 1 1 2 1 2 1
（五）考查目的
? 1. 閱讀和理解語篇的能力。
? 2. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。
3. 熟練運用語法的能力。
(六)關(guān)于完形2的教學(xué)思考和嘗試M11task部分相關(guān)閱讀材料
? We need more men in our hospital, not as doctors, (1) as nurses. Over
the last few years, I have found that having male nurses is a real bonus, (2) they definitely have a place in our hospital. There are several reasons for waiting male nurses here, not only (3) half the population in our country is male. Men make excellent carers and are (4) as good as women at taking care of others. (5) , many men take good care of their children, wives, parents, sisters, brothers, and (6) their nieces and nephews.
解讀：We need more men in our hospital, not as doctors, (1) but as nurses. Over the last few years, I have found that having male nurses is a real bonus, (2) and they definitely have a place in our hospital. There are several reasons for waiting male nurses here, not only (3) because half the population in our country is male. Men make excellent careers and are (4) equally as good as women at taking care of others. (5) Actually , ，many men take good care of their children, wives, parents, sisters, brothers, and (6) even their nieces and nephews.
(七)解題技巧
一. 了解結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞類：
1.缺主語或賓語時，填代詞或名詞（只考代詞);
? e.g. We pollute habitats. ____illegally hunt and kill animals.
2.可數(shù)名詞前設(shè)空，很可能填冠詞，或限定詞（some,another,any ,other…);
e.g. We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the earth,but to make the Earth ____ safe and healthy place where ____ animals and plants--including humans
ourselves—can live.
3.名詞/代詞前不缺限定詞一定是填介詞；
e.g.All these activities take resources and habitats away ____ plants and animals.
4.若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，很可能填連詞；
? e.g.Human activities often changes ____destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive.
5.動詞原形前設(shè)空，若上下文時態(tài)不一致，或主謂不一致時，一般填情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/強調(diào)詞（do/does/did）;
? e.g. Shortly after,these pills ____ work and I was losing weight fast.
6.若缺狀語用副詞，缺定語用形容詞；
? e.g. Animals and plants have always had a ________ time surviving.
二. 從句的確定
? 若兩句之間是逗號，不是分號或句號，根據(jù)句意選用不同的連詞或關(guān)系詞;
? e.g.Fortunately,we humans are beginning to realize our mistakes, __________
? we could destroy everything on Earth.
? 運用思考：
1. Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve ____ we hope for in our career.
2.______ we all know, baked or fried food may be tasty, but eating too much of them will probably result in some illnesses.
3.When he knew his partner _______ suffered the same catastrophe never lost heart and that his days went on as colorfully as before, my friend asked him ______he could manage it.
三. 根據(jù)上下文，從語法的角度確定詞形（變化形式）
冠詞詞形：定冠詞/不定冠詞(a/an)？
代詞/名詞詞形：單/復(fù)數(shù)；可數(shù)/不可數(shù); 主格/賓格？
動詞短語：動詞+副詞/形容詞/介詞？
形容詞/副詞: 原級/比較極/最高級？
1. To tell the teacher the truth could hurt the relationship between you and____.
2. CONCORDE, the world’s fastest traveler plane, will soon be over 33 years old.
___ first flew on 2 March, 1969 in France and Britain.
3. I lost my job. So I had to find another ____.(one/others)
4. Many people like to read the _________ newspaper home and abroad.(late/latter//latest)
5.Last year, she saw _____advertisement recruiting(征募) host families for foreign students.(a/the)
6. He looked __________at the children.
He looked _________at the news on the radio.(angry/angrily)
四.根據(jù)固定搭配及習(xí)慣表達
1.We are what we eat because what we eat every day has a great effect ____ our health.
2.Twenty have been built ______ far.
3. When you are optimistic and in ____ good mood, your future seems sunny and bright.
4. Only the rich could afford plates, so a flat piece of hard barley bread on the table was used instead for people who were ______ poor to buy plates.
五.根據(jù)句型搭配填空
1.So careless was I ________ I had forgotten all about that.
2. It was too long ________ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.
3. _____ is estimated that 30 to 40 miners are trapped underground.
4. Long ago _______ lived a man who did everything out of wishful thinking.
（八）解題的一般步驟：
一、通讀全文，把握語篇。弄清文章的體裁、題材( 話題)、寫作主線、段落大意、段落層次等有利于考生真正讀懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”時進行必要的邏輯推理。
二、先易后難，嘗試填空。在通讀全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以動手填空了。主觀填空的過程是一個判斷空白處 應(yīng)填詞語的 “語義”和正確的語法“形式”的思維過程，要堅持從易到難的原則。根據(jù)我 們的英語知識積累和語感，有些答案可能不需 要過多的思考一眼就能看出來。如有關(guān)習(xí)慣用語、常用句式等，通常就可在這一步完成。遇到一時想不起來的空，先跳過去，不要用太多的時間停留 在一個單詞上。填出容易的詞語后，大意更趨明朗，語境更加清晰，有助于后面的難題的推敲和判斷。
三、利用語境，推 敲語義。要抓住上下文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，進行多角度，全方位分析，從而準(zhǔn)確地判斷所填詞的意義。推敲語義時，不要忽略連接詞、代詞、插入語、轉(zhuǎn)折詞等的作用。因為這些詞往往是改變語境的關(guān)鍵詞，具有因果、讓步、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代、列舉、承上啟下的特殊功能。
四、復(fù)讀全文，確認答案。進行復(fù)查是必要的。復(fù)查的方法是將填好空的短文從頭至尾通讀一遍，以最后確定答案。這一步要解決兩個問題 。第一是從語義和邏輯的角度審視全 文，看看所填單詞語義上是否正確和最佳。檢查一下所填單詞是否能使文意上下連貫，前后照應(yīng)，邏輯順暢，能否自然地融入語篇。第二是從語法的角度審視全文，檢查所填單詞的詞性和詞形的正確性。從語法的角度看看所填詞語詞形變化是否正確。對自我感覺有問題的地方，要仔細揣摩，準(zhǔn)確定奪。
做完形填空題2時應(yīng)留意如下幾點：
1.把握整體,理清段與段,句與句,以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系；
2.本著先完意后完形的原則，克服思維定式，注意文章細節(jié)；
3. 結(jié)合文章線索，核對答案。
(九)復(fù)習(xí)對策：
語篇填空既然是通過語篇在語境中考語法，那么，我們 在解題前，就應(yīng)先快速瀏覽短文，把握全文大意，然后分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定填哪類詞。即判斷詞性、詞義和詞形
Ⅰ.冠詞
1. 主要考查的知識點：
定冠詞的基本用法、抽象名詞具體化和固定搭配等 。
2. 復(fù)習(xí)重點：
(1)定冠詞的用法(基本用法必須熟記。下面幾句順口溜可以幫助記憶：特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；世上獨無二，序數(shù)最高級；普轉(zhuǎn)專有名，習(xí)語及樂器。)
(2)不定冠詞的基本用法。
幾種特殊用法：
①專有名詞前用不定冠詞，表示“像……的一個人或物”， a Napoleon;
②姓名前用不定冠詞，表示“某個叫……的人”，多指不認識的人， a Miss Smith;
③ 用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種、一份、一陣”等，a tea and a coffee;
④用于某些抽象名詞前，使抽象概念具體化。這種用法的名詞有 a surprise/knowledge/success/failure/pleasure/interest/joy等等。
（3）. 冠詞 的判斷：根據(jù)冠詞修飾名詞這一特點，如果空格位于名詞前(或名詞前還有個形容詞)時，該空格可能是填冠詞。
Ⅰ.冠詞
例1：Of all the subjects, I like history the best because it gives us ______ useful knowledge of things in the past.
例2：Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up ______ weakening of the human body.
Ⅱ.代詞
1. 主要考查的知識點：
不定代詞和替代詞的用法，it的用法和人稱代詞的格。
2．復(fù)習(xí)重點：
①指代必須準(zhǔn)確無誤。
②在使用人稱代詞、反身代詞、物主代詞這3類代詞時，要注意它們在句中的人稱、單復(fù) 數(shù)及性別與所有格的一致性。
③疑問代詞的用法。
3. 代詞的判斷：
①空格所在的句子缺主語或賓語時，需考慮填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。缺主語，用主格；缺賓語，用賓格；人稱代詞、不定代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞等主要通過上下文來 判斷其語義和根據(jù)語法規(guī)則來判斷其詞形。
②名詞在句子中作主語、賓語或表語且名詞前面沒有限定詞，該名詞前的空格可能是填some, any，other，another或與前面名詞或人稱代詞對應(yīng)的物主代詞等限定詞。
Ⅱ.代詞
例1：On my desk is a photo that my father to ok of ______ when I was a baby.
例2：Everyone round her was writing pages and pages. However hard she thought, she couldn't find ______ to write about.
例3：A young tiredlooking woman with a baby in her arms as ked to be allowed to visit her hus band in prison. A short time later, when her husband with chains on his feet took a seat beside her, her tired face lit up. I watched them laugh, cry, and share ______ child.
例4： — Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
— ______ way as you please.
Ⅲ.形容詞或副詞
1. 主要考查的知識點：
形容詞作定語；形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級等。
2. 重點復(fù)習(xí)：
①形容詞和副詞的基本用法及相關(guān)語法規(guī)則。
②比較級的程度修飾語(much，very much，far，even，still，rather，any等)。
③表示起承轉(zhuǎn)合的副詞。此功能與關(guān)聯(lián)詞相似，只是這種副詞在用法上更加靈活多變。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, or，otherwise, first, second, then, finally等等。
3. 形容詞 /副詞的判斷：
①根據(jù)形容詞與連系動詞連用及修飾名詞的特點，如果空格前的動詞是連系動詞或空格在名詞前(尤其是“冠詞＋______ ＋ 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu))時，該空可考慮填形容詞；如果空格所填的詞是修飾行為動詞、形容詞、副詞、過去分詞及整個句子(此時抽去空格，句意基本完整)，則考慮用副詞。
②兩個事物進行比較應(yīng)用比較級，三個或三個以上事物進行比較應(yīng)用最 高級。
Ⅲ.形容詞或副詞
例1：Soon it would be the holidays. But before that, there were the end of year exams. All the students had been w orking ______ for some time.
例2：A recent study found that dogs often yawned after watching people do it. In the study, a human researcher yawned in front of 29 dogs. More than 70 percent of the dogs yawned back. That finding shocked the researcher. The percentage is much ______ than humans' yawn response rate. Humans tend to “catch” 45% to 60% of yawns.
IV.連詞
1. 主要考查的知識點：從屬連詞和并列連詞的基本用法及意義。
2. 復(fù)習(xí)重點：
①各種從句(名詞性從句、狀語從句、定語從句)連詞的基本用法及在語言環(huán)境中的活用；引導(dǎo)各種從句的從屬連詞：如名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞where, wherever, when, if, how, unless, until; 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞that，which, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whichever, where, when, why 等。
②介詞＋連詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
③特殊句型中的連詞。
④并列連詞的基本意義及語法作用；并列句的各種關(guān)聯(lián)詞：如and, but, or, though, although, so等。
3. 連詞的判斷
(1)從屬連詞的判斷：
①設(shè)空前面為名詞，后面的句子可能是定語從句或同位語從句。如是定語從句而從句缺主語或賓語時則該空應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞that, which(先行詞指物), who, whom(先行詞指人)；如果空格前面的名詞(即先行詞)在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語，應(yīng)填where, when, why 等連接副詞；作定語時用whose(whose＋ 名詞＝the ＋名詞＋of which)。如果是同位語 從句，則根據(jù)句意判斷所缺連詞。
【特別注意】
a. 空格前面是句子，且有逗號與空格后的句子隔開，可考慮為非限制性定語從 句的連詞，連詞的選用同樣根據(jù)先行詞及先行詞在句中的作用而定；若是前面的整個句子作先行詞，連詞用which 或as(這一點)。
b. 設(shè)空形式為：“……名詞 ＋介詞______……”時，多為“介詞＋連詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
例：I'll never forget the days ______ I lived in the factory with the workers，______ is a great help to my article.
②設(shè)空位于句首，且包含空格的句子與后面的句子有逗號隔開，該空可判斷為狀語從句的連詞。設(shè)空位于句中，空格前后的兩個句子都分別是完整意義的句子，該空可考慮填狀語從句的連詞。再根據(jù)上下文句子的邏輯關(guān)系，填寫恰當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z從句引導(dǎo)詞。
例：After the war，a new school building was set up ______ there has once been a theatre.
③設(shè)空前面為動詞或短語動詞，空格部分一般為賓語從句連詞。從句缺主語或賓語時 則該空應(yīng)填連接代詞who, whom, what(所……的)；從句不缺少任何成分時，填that；從句缺少狀語時，則應(yīng)考慮填連接副詞where, when, why等；或者根據(jù)前后句子 之間的邏輯意義，可填if/whether(是否)。系動詞后為表語從句。
IV.連詞
例1：We don't have to tell children ______ they should take from the story, just to make eye contact to create “a personal experience”.
例2：— I prefer shutt ing myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
— That's ______ I don't agree. You should have a more active life.
④設(shè)空位于句首且包含空格的句子在句中充當(dāng)主語時，該空連詞為主語從句連詞，再根據(jù)主從句的邏輯關(guān)系，填寫恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞(特別注意用it作形式主語后的連詞用法)。
例：______ we will go outing depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. (2)并列連詞的判斷：
兩個句子意義完整(有時有逗號分開，有時沒 有)。只能根據(jù)兩個句子之間的關(guān)系確定連詞的選用。
例：I loved the teacher. She had an unpleasant voice and way of speaking, ______ she was encouragi ng and inspirin g. For some reasons she was impressed with my work and me.
V．介詞
1. 主要考查的知識點：
①介詞的基本用法及在語境中的活用。②固定搭配
2. 介詞的判斷：
①在句子中不缺主語、賓語或表語的情況 下(即名詞或代詞在句子中不作主語、賓語或表語時)，設(shè)空在名詞或代詞前面一定填介詞(設(shè)空前后名詞或代詞并列關(guān)系除外)；
②不及物動詞后帶賓語時，設(shè)空在動詞與賓語之間應(yīng)填介詞(或副詞)；
③設(shè)空形式為：……“名詞 ______ 連詞……”時，空格處要填介詞。再根據(jù)語境填寫恰當(dāng)意義的介詞。
V.介詞
例：People buy fruits ______ color.
跟蹤訓(xùn)練：
1. When you are in England you must be careful in the street _______ the traffic drives on the left. …
When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, _____.
2. Finishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found _____ new car stolen….
To their surprise, the car had been returned and…
3.I sometimes order products or service online to save money and time instead of going to a store and buying_________ I’m looking for. For example, I bought a digital camera online the other day ____ saved about 50 dollars.
4 _______ I don’t do a job that’s heading somewhere, I’ll go mad.
? Answer:
? 一.1.we 2.the 3.by 4.and;and 5.did/could 6.difficult/hard;enough
? 二.But 1.what 2,As 3,which
? 三.1.him 2.It 3.one4.latest 5.an 6.angrily ;angry
? 四。1.on 2.so 3.a 4.too
? 五。1.that 2.before 3.It 4.there
? 跟蹤訓(xùn)練：
? 1.because,too 2.their 3,what 4.If
(十) 體會和總結(jié)
1.心得體會：完型填空二是從完型填空一中分離出來，它是以自由填空形式考查語篇結(jié)構(gòu)及句子與句子的結(jié)構(gòu)銜接，連貫和語用能力的一個新題型，無論在語法點上還是結(jié)構(gòu)上與完型一都是互補的，2010年全省380809個考生中，有107270個考生該題得零分，這是一個令人觸目驚心的數(shù)字。是什么原因讓這么多考生一籌莫展的呢？通過抽樣調(diào)查我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生存在的最大問題是多數(shù)學(xué)生對于該題的考點不大清楚再加上本身的語法與詞匯知識薄弱，所以看不懂文章，特別是在連詞與副詞的運用上把握不準(zhǔn)。
2.加強相關(guān)語法知識梳理（見附表）；
3.第一輪復(fù)習(xí)時結(jié)合教材，培養(yǎng)語感，增強學(xué)生信心。課文復(fù)習(xí)中把重點短語與句子中的虛詞部分通過填空形式進行強化訓(xùn)練，還可以充分利用 Module 1-11的話題短文設(shè)空練習(xí)這樣既形成了完型二的解題思路，又鞏固了課文加強了寫作素材的積累。
如：模7第四單元復(fù)習(xí)中與完型二有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練:
（重點短語）
1.._____a discount 打折 2.___ the hope that…希望 3. _______ferry 乘輪渡
4. _____ repair在修理中 5. _____ the authority of…在…的管理下 6. choke ____the traffic阻塞交通 choke _____death …致死 7. link____ ___ 和… 8. take notice ___ 注意到，關(guān)注
9. speed ____加速 10. keep _____ with the latest market price和最近市場價格并駕齊驅(qū)
11. arise ____ 起源于 12. function ____ 起…作用 13.be aimed _____旨在，針對
14. _____an orderly way有秩序地 15. burst _______ flames 突然燃燒起來
16. an invitation _____ accidents 事故的誘因; 17. ______ my expectations超出某人的想象
18. be fined for speaking ____ the phone ____ driving 因開車時打電話而被罰款
19. This is true ______everyone這對每個人來說是重要的.
20. pick ____and drop ___ people at different places ____ the route按照線路在不同地點接送乘客.
(重點句子)
1.However, most trains into London ____ went to the distant boundary of the city _____ building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings.
2.The storms washed away soil along the road _____ part of the road is still under repair
3.This is true of everyone _____ accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.
4._____ is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents ____ paying attention to road safety.
5.There is no guarantee _____ you can get the particular ferry you want.
（相關(guān)話題完型） Public transport
As society develops, remarkable changes have taken place in the public transport. The development of _____offers us a more convenient life and meanwhile greatly promotes the development of the cities. Here arises a problem: should public transport be free to the public? As to it, some people hold the view _____all the public facilities should be free to and serve the public as well. But many people believe that the fees are necessary. As far _____ I am concerned, I agree with the latter .
First of all, the cost of maintenance of all the public transport is very huge. But _______every citizen accessible to public transport takes this responsibility, things will be easy. Secondly, proper fees can promote the awareness of valuing and protecting the infrastructure of the public. Who use the public transport? Undoubtedly, the public. ______ who eventually break it down and even destroy it? The public ____. So, clearly, everybody using the public transport should pay for and try to protect it, we can avoid a state of chaos caused by the free public transportation and we can gain _____ perfect social order in turn.
In my opinion, we all have to contribute _____ society and try our best to support the public transport. And besides, we consume, we pay the bill. Therefore, I think the fees should be required.
這些空白處大多以介詞，副詞，連詞為主，完全是配合完型二的基礎(chǔ)鞏固練習(xí)。
學(xué)生做完填空還可以進行背誦，是一本萬利的事情，大大提高了課堂的效益。在朗讀課文的過程中讓學(xué)生自己當(dāng)老師預(yù)測完型二的出題點，也是一項行之有效的方法，讓學(xué)生自覺養(yǎng)成對這些“小詞”關(guān)注的好習(xí)慣
附：1.關(guān)于冠詞﹑代詞﹑介詞﹑形容詞﹑副詞及連接詞的用法可參考《五年高考三年模擬》
1. 相關(guān)語法練習(xí)：
(pronouns)
人稱代詞(personal pronouns)：
單數(shù)singular 復(fù)數(shù)plural
主格nominative 賓格accusative 主格nominative 賓格accusative
第一人稱 I me we us
第二人稱 you
第三人稱 he
she
it
物主代詞（possessive pronouns）：
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞
adjectival possessive pronoun
名詞性 物主代詞nominal possessive pronoun
反身代詞（reflexive pronouns）：
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
第一人稱 myself
第二人稱 yourself
第三人稱 himself herself itself
不定代詞：(indefinite pronouns)
一．
含義 數(shù)量 名詞的數(shù) 動詞的數(shù) 語氣
both 都 2 復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
肯定
all ≧3 單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)
each
every(只能作定語) ○
either
any
neither
否定
none(不能作定語) ○
二．none, nothing, nobody ( no one )
1 既可指人又可指物且表特指概念的是____________, 它可用于回答how many, how much引導(dǎo)的疑問句。
2 只能指人且表泛指概念的是_____________, 它可回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句。
3 只能指物且表泛指概念的是_____________, 它可回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。
4 _____________ of these girls is from Canada.
5 —Do you have any money? —_____________.
—Can you see anything in the room? —_____________.
—Can you see anybody in the room? —_____________.
三．one, another, other, the other, some, others, the others
1 I have two books here. __________________ is about politics, and __________________ is about history.
2 I have bought a book now. Can you lend me __________________ one/ book?
3 I have many books here. __________________ are about politics, and __________________ are all about history.
4 Some people like running while __________________ prefer to swim.
注意：
1 Would you please make it some other day / another day?
2 I have no other close friends like him.
3 I’ll stay at home for another 3 days / 3 more days.
4 We have ordered enough equipment. Some will arrive tomorrow, and the rest, next week.
四．one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those
1 She gave me a gift, ___________ that I have never seen.
2 She gave me many gifts, ___________ that I have never seen.
3 My most famous relative of all, _____________ who really left his mark on America, was Red Sussel, my great-grandfather.
4 The book he gave me is better than _________________ on the desk.
5 The books he gave me are better than ________________ on the desk.
6 The bread I bought tastes better than _______________ on the table.
五．many, much, few, little, a few, a little
六．與復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣句型
1 He is nothing but a singer. (only )
2 He is anything but a singer. (definitely not)
3 He is someone. (an important person)
4 He is something. (a very excellent person)
連詞conjunctions：
一 引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞
that, which, who, whom, whose, of whom, of which, as它們在定語從句中主要充當(dāng) ______, _______ , ______或______.
when, where, why, how 它們在定語從句中充當(dāng) ____________。
1 我認識那個叫湯姆的男孩。I know the boy _______________ name is Tom.
2 長沙是我們所居住的城市。Changsha is the city _______________ we are living.
3 這套房子以他所期待的低價出售了。The flat was sold at such a low price _________________ he expected.
二 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語﹑賓語﹑表語﹑同位語從句）的連詞
that, whether / if 它們在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever它們在名詞性從句中主要充當(dāng) _________, __________ , _________或_________.
when, where, why, because, how, whenever, wherever, however它們在名詞性從句中充當(dāng) ____________。
1 She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _____________ it takes to save her life.
2 I’d like to speak to _____________ is in charge of International Sales.
3 I’d like to speak to anyone _____________ is in charge of the frim.
三 引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞
1 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞： ______________, _______________, ______________ …
2 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞： ________________, _______________, ______________ …
3 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞：so (that), in case, for fear that, lest
4 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞：______________________, ______________________ …
5 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞：although, though, as, while, no matter what, whatever …
6 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞：_________, ______________, ______________,_________ …
7 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞：____________
8 引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞：____________
9 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞：
since, when, while, as, after, before, (not)…until the first / second / last time (that) …
as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment/ minute/ instant (that) …, hardly/ scarcely…when, no sooner…than
四 表示并列關(guān)系的連詞
and, but, or ，as well as, not only…but also, both … and…, either … or…, neither…nor…, not…but…, whether…or… …
注意：
有的副詞也可以作為關(guān)聯(lián)詞語出現(xiàn)，使句子與句子之間的意思互相連接，它們不能引導(dǎo)從句。常見的這種副詞有：
相反，然而：however in contrast instead nevertheless on the contrary on the other hand
而且，也：also on top of something above all besides furthermore in addition moreover
因此：therefore as a result
一來 …… 二來 ……(表解釋原因)：for one thing - - - for another - - -
總之：altogether
自主探究：
A:
1.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was ________ shy , nervous perfectionist.
2. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed __________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
3.The little boy pulled ________ right hand out of the pocket …
B:
1. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.
2. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than ___ them.
3.If you’re ______ the more than one million workers who have been laid off this year, finding a new job will require a strategy that differs from a typical search.
C:
1. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very ____.
2. What people like to eat differs from culture to culture. Compared with people in the west, Chinese people used to eat more grain and vegetables, and ______ meat, which is a good eating habit.(little/less)
D:
1.One of the_______ gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, which made him very unhappy.
2. The little boy pulled ______ right hand out of the pocket…
? A.a ;the ;his B.at;in;among C.busy;less D.worst.his
實踐演練
1.I’m sorry to know you have such a difficult problem. I think your classmate was supposed to
study hard instead of cheating in the examination.I’m afraid that he can’t make _1_ progress by doing this,or worse.
I think you have the responsibility to help _2_ as his classmate. _3_ don’t you find a chance to have a talk with him?You can tell him the harmful effects of cheating _4_ encourage him to study hard.You can also tell him that the teacher’s praise is not everything.
The most important thing is _5_ he can learn .Therefore,if he doesn’t follow your advice,you
can report _6_ to the teacher . After all, the teacher is a person _7_ deserves to know the truth. Maybe the teacher can help him in a different way.
Finally,I hope you can be happy again,and your classmate can be a student,__8__ who is
honest and hardworking.
1. any 2.him 3.Why 4.and 5.what 6.it 7.who 8.one
2. A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 ____ precious than money. Why? 2 _______ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is gone , it will never return. 3 _____ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make 4_________ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in 5 _____ future.
But it is a pity that there are a lot of people 6 _____ do not realize the value of time. 7 ________spend their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.
In a word, we should form the good habit of saving time. Do not put off 8 _____ can be done today till tomorrow.
1.more ; 2.because 3.It 4.good/full 5.the 6.who 7.They 8.what
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